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total human ecosystem
Total human ecosystem (THE) is an eco-centric concept.
== History of the concept ==
Naveh and Lieberman (1994) and Naveh (2000) proposed the holistic, eco-centric concept of the Total Human Ecosystem in order to study the anthropocene ecology and improve land use planning and environmental management, within an integrated and interdisciplinary approach. This concept (or better meta-concept) integrates human systems (the technosphere, but also in the conceptual space of human noosphere) and natural systems (the geophysical eco-space of the Earth biosphere) and their total environment at the highest co-evolutionary complexity level of the global ecological hierarchy. Naveh (2005) defines the concept of Total Human Ecosystem as:
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Zev Naveh (1919-2011) was Professor in landscape ecology at the Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa. Until 1965 he worked as a range and pasture specialist in Israel and Tanzania. His research at the Technion was devoted to human impacts on Mediterranean landscapes, fire ecology and dynamic conservation management, and the introduction of drought resistant plants for multi-beneficial landscape restoration and beautification.〔Naveh, Z. Transdisciplinary challenges in landscape ecology and restoration ecology - An Anthology. (Springer 2007) 〕
Almo Farina is Professor of Ecology at the Urbino University, Faculty of Environmental Sciences (Urbino, Italy).
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